Vitamins, Minerals & Trace Elements — Bone Wizardry

Home Biochem Vitamins & Minerals

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K — stored in adipose, released unpredictably. Vitamin A toxicity, D-resistant rickets, K-dependent clotting factors, warfarin, and the antioxidant hierarchy.

B Vitamins & Cofactors

B1 through B12 plus Vitamin C. The 3-dehydrogenase pattern, Wernicke-Korsakoff, pellagra, megaloblastic anemia, and why B9 vs B12 is the board's favorite trick.

Minerals & Trace Elements

Calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron + chromium, selenium, molybdenum, manganese, fluoride. Wilson's vs Huntington's, Menke's, and why fluoride kills glycolysis.

Vitamin K & Coagulation

Gamma-carboxylation, warfarin vs heparin, the heparin bridge timeline, HIT-1 vs HIT-2, LMWH, Factor V Leiden, gut flora, and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.